Q. In hydrarch succession, reed–swamp stage is replaced by
NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020
Solution:
The succession in an aquatic habitat like the freshly formed pond is hydrosere. The successional series progress from hydric to mesic condition.
Submerged free-floating plant stage: Due to the accumulation of dead and decaying remains of submerged plant bottom level is raised as well as ponds become rich in minerals (nutrients) which become suitable for free-floating plants. E.g., Azolla, Wolffia, Pistia, etc.
Reed-swamp stage: Free-floating stage is replaced by Reed-swamp stage. More shallowing of plants occur due to continued siltation which paves the way for the growth of rooted emergent plants, i.e., reeds (amphibious plants). E.g., Typha, Sagittaria, Phragmites, etc.
Marsh-meadow stage: Reed–swamp stage is invaded by marshy plants. With increased settling of silt and deposition of dead organic matter derived from floating and rooted species, the pond becomes shallower until it gets transformed into the terrestrial habitat. E.g. Carex, Juncus, Cyperus.
Submerged free-floating plant stage: Due to the accumulation of dead and decaying remains of submerged plant bottom level is raised as well as ponds become rich in minerals (nutrients) which become suitable for free-floating plants. E.g., Azolla, Wolffia, Pistia, etc.
Reed-swamp stage: Free-floating stage is replaced by Reed-swamp stage. More shallowing of plants occur due to continued siltation which paves the way for the growth of rooted emergent plants, i.e., reeds (amphibious plants). E.g., Typha, Sagittaria, Phragmites, etc.
Marsh-meadow stage: Reed–swamp stage is invaded by marshy plants. With increased settling of silt and deposition of dead organic matter derived from floating and rooted species, the pond becomes shallower until it gets transformed into the terrestrial habitat. E.g. Carex, Juncus, Cyperus.