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  4. In a p-type semiconductor, germanium is doped with:

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Q. In a $p$-type semiconductor, germanium is doped with:

Jharkhand CECEJharkhand CECE 2003

Solution:

If a trivalent impurity is mixed in a pure (intrinsic) semiconductor, then it becomes a $ p- $ type semiconductor. As given in problem, all boron, gallium and aluminium are trivalent impurities so, they must be doped to $Ge$ (or $Si$) to make it $ p- $ type semiconductor.
The added impurity is very small of the order of $1$ atom million atoms of the pure semiconductor. When impurity atoms are incorporated in a pure semiconductor crystal, the electric properties are altered and most of the charge carriers originate from impurity atoms.