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Q. If the energy of a photon of sodium light $(\lambda=580\, nm )$ equals the band gap of semiconductor, the minimum energy required to create hole electron pair.

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

Solution:

Using $E=E_{g}=\frac{h c}{\lambda}=\frac{6.6 \times 10^{-34} \times 3 \times 10^{8}}{580 \times 10^{-9}} J$
$=\frac{6.6 \times 10^{-34} \times 3 \times 10^{8}}{580 \times 10^{-9} \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} eV =2.1 \,eV$