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  4. If the dipole moment of toluene and nitro-benzene are 0.43 D and 3.93 D then what is the expected dipole moment of p -nitro toluene ?

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Q. If the dipole moment of toluene and nitro-benzene are $ 0.43\,D $ and $ 3.93 \,D $ then what is the expected dipole moment of $ p $ -nitro toluene ?

AMUAMU 2019

Solution:

Methyl group has $+I$ effect and $—NO_{2}$ group has $-I$ effext
Therefore, in p-nitro toluene the dipole moments of $—CH_{3}$ and $—NO_{2}$ groups act in the same direction
So, the resultant dipole moment is additive i.e., $3.93+0.43=4.36$ debye
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