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Q.
How many groups show $-I$ effect?
NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2022
Solution:
Due to partial displacement of $\sigma -$ electrons towards electronegative atom, partial polarisation occurs in carbon chain, known as inductive effect$ .
$-I$ groups are attached to carbon chain and pull the electrons away from alkyl chain, and towards the more electronegative atom.
- Cation groups: $- NH _{3}^{+}$
- Electronegative atoms: $- OH >- Cl >- N \left( CH _{3}\right.$
- multiple bonds $(=/ \equiv):- SO _{3} H >- CHO$
