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Q. How many atoms or group of atoms given below will exhibit $+I$ effect?
$Zn , COO ^{-}, R - S ^{-}, I , Be ,- SO _{3} H ,- C ( Et )_{3}, -COOH$.

Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Solution:

$Zn , COO ^{-}, R - S ^{-}, Be ,- C ( Et )_{3}$ are electron donating groups and exhibit $+I$ effect. On the other hand $I ,- SO _{3} H$ and $- COOH$ are electron with drawing groups and exhibit $-I$ effect.