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  4. Geometrical shapes of the complexes formed by the reaction of Ni2+ with Cl-, CN- and H2O , respectively, are

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Q. Geometrical shapes of the complexes formed by the reaction of ${Ni}^{2+}$ with $ Cl^-, CN^- $ and $ H_2O$ , respectively, are

AIEEEAIEEE 2011Coordination Compounds

Solution:

$Ni ^{2+}+4 CN \rightarrow\left[ Ni ( CN )_{4}\right]^{2-}$
Here, $Ni ^{2+}$ has $d^{8}$-configuration with $CN ^{-}$as strong ligand.
image
$d^{8}$-configuration in strong ligand field gives $d s p^{2}$-hybridisation, hence square planar geometry.
$Ni ^{2+}+4 Cl ^{-} \longrightarrow\left[ NiCl _{4}\right]^{2-}$
Here, $Ni ^{2+}$ has $d^{8}$-configuration with $Cl ^{-}$as weak ligand.
image
$d^{8}$-configuration in weak ligand field gives $s p^{3}$-hybridisation, hence tetrahedral geometry.
$Ni ^{2+}$ with $H _{2} O$ forms $\left[ Ni \left( H _{2} O \right)_{6}\right]^{2+}$ complex and $H _{2} O$ is a weak ligand.
image
Therefore, $\left[ Ni \left( H _{2} O \right)_{6}\right]^{2+}$ has octahedral geometry.