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  4. Genetic identity of a human male is determined by

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Q. Genetic identity of a human male is determined by

AIPMTAIPMT 1997Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Solution:

Sex chromosomes are those chromosomes whose presence, absence or particular form determines the sex of the individual in unisexual or dioecious organisms, e.g., XX - XY. XY method (XX - XY). It occurs in mammals and many insects with females having homomorphic XX sex chromosomes and males possessing heteromorphic XY - chromosomes. In human being the Y-chromosome is straight and acrocentric (centromere subterminal near one end). It is about 2 mm in length and is thus the shortest of all chromosomes. X-chromosome is 5.0 - 5.5 mm in length. It is metacentric (centromere in the middle). Despite differences in morphology, XY chromosomes synapse during zygotene. They have two parts, homologous and differential. Homologous regions of the two take part in synapsis.