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Q.
First cloned animal
Biotechnology and its Applications
Solution:
"Dolly", the world's first mammalian clone has been created from a fully differentiated non-reproductive cell of an adult sheep. It 1995, Ian Wilmut and his team of researchers at Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, took udder (a fully differentiated tissue) from six year old sheep, and placed it in special solution that controlled cell cycle of cell division. The cell was deprived off certain nutrient, At the same time an unfertilized egg was obtained from another adult sheep. Its nucleus was carefully removed leaving the intact cytoplasm in egg. The nucleus of udder cell was taken out and transferred into nuoleus-free egg. The newly transplanted nucleus soon became functional according to the new cytoplasm in which it had been artificially transferred. This viable combination underwent cleavage like normal zygote. This so called embryo was then transplanted into the uterus of a third adult sheep (surrogate mother/foster mother) for its further development. Finally, a normal healthy little lamb, Dolly was born in February, 1996 which was genetically similar to the clone mother from which nuclear DNA was taken out.