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  4. Chlorobenzene can be converted into phenol by heating in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 623 K and a pressure of 300 atm. However the rate of reaction can be increased by presence of certain groups in benzene ring. What will be the order of reactivity of following compounds towards the above substitution reaction? <img class=img-fluid question-image alt=image src=https://cdn.tardigrade.in/img/question/chemistry/42f5fee4bc1312dfcbd8f1460ec0e3fa-.jpeg /> <img class=img-fluid question-image alt=image src=https://cdn.tardigrade.in/img/question/chemistry/f44a594bfe0b8742bf87f2a27852b00e-.jpeg /> <img class=img-fluid question-image alt=image src=https://cdn.tardigrade.in/img/question/chemistry/1e3c6f9242f0c5c4fe9e83aa96bf358b-.jpeg />

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Q. Chlorobenzene can be converted into phenol by heating in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of $623 \,K$ and a pressure of $300\,atm$. However the rate of reaction can be increased by presence of certain groups in benzene ring. What will be the order of reactivity of following compounds towards the above substitution reaction?
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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Solution:

The presence of an electron withdrawing group $(-NO_2)$ at ortho and $para$-positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes.