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  4. CH 3 CHO + HCHO xrightarrow[ textHeat] text Dil.NaOH A xrightarrow[H2O+] HCN B The structure of compound B is

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Q. $CH _{3} CHO + HCHO \xrightarrow[\text{Heat}]{\text { Dil.NaOH }} A \xrightarrow[H_2O^+]{ HCN }B$ The structure of compound $B$ is

Rajasthan PETRajasthan PET 2010

Solution:

It undergoes aldol condensation to give $CH _{2}( OH ) CH _{2}( CHO )$ which dehydrates to give
$CH _{2} CHCHO$
When this is treated with $HCN / H _{3} O ^{+}$, it gives the carboxylic acid.
$CH _{3} CHO + HCHO \xrightarrow{\text { DilNaOH }}CH _{2}( OH ) CH _{2} CHO$
$CH _{2}( OH ) CH _{2} CHO \xrightarrow{\Delta} CH _{2}= CHCHO$
$CH _{2}= CHCHO \xrightarrow{ HCN } CH _{2}= CHCH ( OH )( CN )$
$CH _{2}= CHCH ( OH )( CN ) \xrightarrow{ H _{3} O ^{+}}CH _{2}= CH - CH ( COOH )( OH )$