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  4. Benzene react with nitrating mixture (conc. HNO3 and conc H2SO4. ) to produce nitrobenzene. In the nitrating mixture, HNO3 acts as a

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Q. Benzene react with nitrating mixture (conc. $HNO_{3}$ and conc $H_{2}SO_{4}.$ ) to produce nitrobenzene. In the nitrating mixture, $HNO_{3}$ acts as a

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020

Solution:

$\text{NO}_{\text{2}}^{\text{+}}$ generated as follows:
$\text{H}_{\text{2}} \text{SO}_{\text{4}} \, \text{+} \, \text{HNO}_{\text{3}} \rightarrow \text{HSO}_{\text{4}}^{-} \, \text{+} \, \text{H}_{\text{2}} \text{NO}_{\text{3}}^{\text{+}}$
$\left(\text{O}\right)_{\text{2}} \text{N} - \overset{\oplus}{\left(\text{OH}\right)_{\text{2}}} \rightarrow \underset{\text{(nitronium} \, \text{ion)}}{\text{NO}_{\text{2}}^{\text{+}} \left(\text{+H}\right)_{\text{2}} \text{O}}$
Here, $\text{HNO}_{\text{3}}$ accept $\text{H}^{\oplus}$ , hence, act as base.