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  4. Assertion: Heat energy is completely transformed into work during the isothermal expansion of a gas. Reason: During an isothermal process, the changes in internal energy of a gas due to decrease in pressure is nullified by the changes due to increase in volume.

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Q. Assertion: Heat energy is completely transformed into work during the isothermal expansion of a gas.
Reason: During an isothermal process, the changes in internal energy of a gas due to decrease in pressure is nullified by the changes due to increase in volume.

AIIMSAIIMS 1998Thermodynamics

Solution:

In an isothermal expansion, temperature is maintained constant so internal energy change is zero. $(\Delta E=0)$

According to first law of thermodynamic,

$\Delta E=q+ w ;$

$q=$ heat,

$w=$ work done

$\Rightarrow q=-w$

This shows that work is done by the system at the expense of heat absorbed.