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Q. Assertion : Bharat stage $IV$ emission norms have been in place since April $2010$, for $4$ wheelers in $13$ mega cities of India.
Reason : Green muffler scheme refers to the plantation of trees and shrubs along road sides and is effective to control noise pollution only.

Environmental Issues

Solution:

Bharat stage emission standards are emission standards issued by the Government of India to regulate the emission of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipments of motor vehicles: Bharat Stage $IV$ norms have been in place for $4$-wheelers in $13$ mega cities of India (Delhi and $NCR$, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Surat, Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow and Sholapur) since April $2010$. Green muffler or green belt vegetation is rows of trees and shrubs grown and maintained to serve as noise absorbers. It also reduces air pollution because the trees and shrubs absorb pollution gases and cause settling of suspended particulate matter.