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  4. Aortic arch IV is represented by a single systemic aorta arising from left in

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Q. Aortic arch $IV$ is represented by a single systemic aorta arising from left in

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Solution:

In a typical vertebrate embryo, a ventral aorta, a dorsal aorta and usually $6$ pairs of aortic arches connecting ventral aorta with dossal aorta are present. They modify in adults mainly because of a shift from gill respiration to lung respiration. The number of aortic arches undergoes a progressive reduction in number from lower to higher vertebrates. Arch $IV$ is represented by a single systemic aorta, right in birds and left in mammals. In reptiles, fishes and amphibians it is paired.