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Q.
A skeleton of four interlocking carbon rings is found in
NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020
Solution:
Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules insoluble in water. In cellular functions, the important ones are fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Based on whether the lipids are connected with additional groups, other than esters of fatty acids and alcohols like glycerol, they can be classified as (1) Simple lipids and (2) Conjugated lipids.
(1) Simple lipids: These are lipids with esters of fatty acids linked with alcohol backbone, e.g., fats, waxes, and oils. The fats consist of fatty acid chains and glycerol (alcohol) backbone. The number of fatty acids linked can be one, two, and three, forming the composite molecule monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglyceride. Waxes are esters of long-chain fatty acids (both saturated and unsaturated) linked with long-chain alcohols. These are more complex alcohol molecules like triacontanol.
(2) Conjugated or compound lipids:
These lipids have an additional group attached, besides fatty acids and alcohols. This additional group can be sugar, phosphate, or small polypeptide, e.g., phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins. Steroids are made up of four fused rings of a hydrocarbon skeleton (cyclopentanophenantharene ring). They do not resemble the other lipids. They have several functions, For example, cholesterol. Steroid, provides membrane stability in animals and serves as a precursor to steroid hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.