We have S=1+32+326+3310+3414+.......∞…(i)
Multiplying both sides by 31, we get 31S=31+322+336+3410+........∞…(ii)
Subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), we get 32S=1+31+324+334+344+........∞ ⇒32S=34+324+334+344+........∞ ⇒32S=1−3134=34×23 ⇒S=3