Botanical Gardens:
It is a large area where different kinds of plants are grown and maintained for scientific and educational purposes. Its modern-day botanical garden was established in 1543 in Italy. The first real botanical garden was developed by Theophrastus.
Some of the world's most important botanical gardens include Royal Botanical Garden (London), Indian Botanical Garden (India), Montreal Botanical Garden (Canada), etc. Role of botanical gardens:
Exchange of plant materials and coordinating research through the internal association of botanical gardens.
Provides plant material for comparative taxonomic studies.
Functioning as an acclimatization centre for exotic plants, academic as well as of economic importance.
Providing facilities, seeds and living materials to different research centres.
Acts as an ex-situ conservation centre of endangered species. E.g., ex-situ conservation of germplasm.