In the case of transition, purine base is replaced by another purine (i.e., A−G ) and pyrimidine is replaced by another pyrimidine (i.e., C−T) and vice versa. In the case of transversion, purine is replaced by a pyrimidine and vice-versa. The frameshift mutation is the mutation of bases in DNA sequence that changes the way of reading the sequences. Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA from DNA.