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NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
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The second phase of the photosynthesis process is the light independent reaction where glucose is produced by fixing CO2 . This process occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and utilizes the products of the light reaction. CO2 fixation is brought about by Calvin cycle or C3 pathway. This cycle involves three mains steps of carboxylation, reduction and regeneration. Even plants with adaptation for glucose synthesis make use of Calvin cycle. C4 plants and CAM plants also run Calvin cycle for CO2 fixation with little variation. In C4, 4C compound intermediate forms before splitting and entering the Calvin cycle. In CAM, plants gather sunlight in day time and run the Calvin cycle in night time to avoid water loss.