Q. Assertion : In case of aryl halides, halogens are moderately deactivating. Reason : Halogens are ortho, para directing groups.

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Solution:

Halogens are moderately deactivating. Because of their strong effect, overall electron density on benzene ring decreases. Due to resonance, the electron density on - and - positions is greater than that at the m-position hence, they are - and - directing groups.